Pathogenicity of Paecilomyces lilacinus and Metarhizium anisopliae on Microcerotermes sp. termites (Isoptera: Termitidae)
Main Article Content
Laboratory bioassays were performed to determine the susceptibility of the termite Microcerotermes sp. to the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus and Metarhizium anisopliae. The termites were collected from Eucalyptus plantations at the locality San Sebastián of Buenavista, Magdalena (Colombia). Termites were maintained in darkness at mean temperature, 25ºC, and relative humidity, 59,5%. The bioassays consisted in putting worker termites in direct contact with 100% cotton canvas, impregnated with concentrations of the fungus at concentrations of 1x101, 1x103, 3x105, 1x107, 3x108 conidia/ml. The agar-sand method was used to evaluate the effect of the fungus. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences (X2=3,32, P=0,51) between the effects caused by P. lilacinus and the control. But, there was a significant difference in the mortality of the termites with the different concentrations, 3x108 conidia/ml being the dose that caused the highest percentages of mortality (X2=81,3, P<0,001). With M. anisopliae significant differences were observed in the mortality at the different concentrations and the control (X2 = 320,7, P<0,001), except for 1x103 and 3x105 conidia/ml (Z= -0,97, P = 0,33). The conidiation of both fungi in the dead termites was higher at the concentration of 3x108 conidia/ml (P<0,001). The DL was 1,78x108 conidia/ml for P. lilacinus at two days and 0,69x102 conidia/ml for M. anisopliae at seven days.
ABEBE, H. 2002. Potential of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of Macrotermes subhyalinus (Isoptera: Termitidae). Dem Fachbereich Gartenbau der Universität Hannover zur Erlangung des Akademischen Grades eines. Äthiopien. 161 p.
ALVES, S. B.; ALMEIDA, J. E. M.; MOINO, A.; STIMAC, J. L.; PEREIRA, R. M. 1995. Uso de Metarhizium anisopliae e Beauveria bassiana no controle de Cornitermes cumulans em pastagens. Ecossistema Faculadade de Agronomia .Manoel Carlos Goncalves.. Brasil. 20: 50-57.
BARNETT, H. L.; HUNTER, B. B. 1998. Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi. Fourth edition. APS Press. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, Minnesota. 218 p.
BERÓN, W. C. 1983. Daños y control de termitas. Seminario. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Medellín. 68 p.
BORREROS, S. 1996. Diccionario geográfico de Colombia. Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi. 3ª ed. Tomo 3. Bogotá, Colombia. p. 1404-1405.
CALLE, J. 2000. Vers un contròle Microbiologique des populations Colombiennes de Triatominae, insectes vecteurs de la maladie de Chagas. Tesis presentada para obtener el titulo de Doctor de la Universidad de París V.-René Descartes-Facultad de Medicina Necker. 141 p.
CARVAJAL, L. D. 2002. Estudio del efecto patogénico de algunos microorganismos sobre Eurhizococus columbianus Jakubsi (Homoptera: Margarodidae). Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Sede Medellín. 57 p.
CIBA GEIGY. 1981. Manual para ensayos de campo en protección vegetal. 2ª ed. CIBAGEIGY. S. A. Basilea, Suiza. Printed in Switzerland. 205 p.
COPPEL, H. C.; LIANG, M. C. 1987. Rhabditoid nematodes associated with subterranean termites. Forestry Research Notes. Nº 274, 5 p.
CSIRO. (1990). New termite controls. En: Entomology. Science for survival. Australia. CSIRO, Division of Entomology p. 32.
DELATE, K. M.; GRACE, J. K.; TOME C. H. M. 1995. Potential use of pathogenic fungi in baits to control the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 119 (6): 429-433.
DOMSCH, K. H.; GAMS, W.; TRAUTE-HEIDI, A. 1993. Compedium of Soil Fungi. Academic Press. London. 1: 525-535.
ESPINAL, L. S. 1990. Geografía ecológica de Colombia. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. 1er ed. Medellín. p. 61-62.
FERNANDES, P. M.; ALVES, S. B. 1991. Control of Cornitermes cumulans Kollar 1832. (Isoptera: Termitidae) with Beauveria bassiana Bals. Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae Metsch. Sorok. under field conditions. Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 20: 50.
GARCÉS, J. E. 1997. Generalidades sobre las principales plagas insectiles en plantaciones forestales de Colombia (Guía de campo). Trabajo final de especialización. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias y Ciencias Agropecuarias. Postgrado en Entomología. Medellín. p. 293-311.
GAVINO, A. A. 1984. Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Backie, biochem product Ltd.) as biological insecticide against subterranean termites Philippines. Scientific Journal 6 (1): 25.
GOETTEL, M.; INGLIS, G. D. 1997. Fungi Hyphomycetes. En: Lawrence Lacey (ed.). Manual of techniques in insect pathology. USDA, ARS. Academic Press, Great Britain. p. 213-249.
GRACE, J. K. 1991. Termite-fungal associations and manipulations for termite control. En: Society for Invertebrate Pathology, XXIV Annual Meeting, Northern Arizona University. p. 29.
GRACE, J. K.; ZOBERI, M. H. 1992. Experimental evidence for transmission of Beauveria bassiana by Reticulitermes flavipes workers (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Sociobiology 20: 23-28.
HARRIS, W. V. 1971. Termites. Their recognition and control. Longman. Second ed. London, Great Britain. 186 p.
HASSAN, F. A. 1990. Important insects pests of Casuarina in Egypt. En: Advances in Casuarina research and utilization. Proceeding of the Second International Casuarina Workshop. Cairo, Egypto. p. 102-109.
HERNÁNDEZ, R. J. 1993. Evaluación del efecto de la densidad de crecimiento del Eucalyptus tereticornis en la Costa Atlántica Colombiana. Trabajo de grado para obtener el título de Ingeniero Forestal. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Sede Medellín. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Medellín. 101 p.
KHADER KHAN, H.; JAYARAJ, S.; GOPALAN, M. 1990. Testing entomopathogenic fungi against the common agro-forestry termites. En: Veeresh, G. K., Mallick, B. and Viraktamath, C. A. (eds.). Social insects and the environment. p. 636.
KHAN, K.; JAYARAJ, S.; GOPALAN, M. 1991. Mycopathogens for biological control of Odontotermes brunneus Hagen. Journal of Biological Control. India. 5: 32-35.
LOGAN, J. W. M.; COWIE, R. H.; WOOD, T. G. 1990. Termite (Isoptera) control in agriculture and forestry by non-chemical methods: a review. Bulletin of Entomological Research 80 (3): 309-330.
MADRIGAL, A. 1989. Reconocimiento de insectos dañinos en plantaciones forestales de la Costa Atlántica Colombiana. Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología. Miscelánea 12: 1-24.
MADRIGAL, A. 1999. Notas sobre control biológico de plagas. Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. p. 1-13.
MATTHEWS, G. A. 1997. Techniques to evaluate insecticide efficacy. En: Methods in ecological & agricultural Entomology. D.R. Dent and M. P. Walton (eds.). CAB International. Printed and bound in the UK at the University Press, Cambridge. p. 243-269.
MILNER, R. J.; STAPLES, J. A.; LUTTON, G. G. 1998a. The selection of an isolate of the hyphomycete fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, for control of termites in Australia. Biological control: theory and applications in pest management 11 (3): 240-247.
MILNER, R. J.; STAPLES, J. A.; HARTLEY, T. R.; LUTTON, G. G.; DRIVER, F.; WATSON, J. A. L. 1998b. Occurrence of Metarhizium anisopliae in nests and feeding sites of Australia termites. Mycological Research [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] 102: 216-220.
MIX, J.; BEAL, R. H. 1985. Can nematodes halt subterranean termites?. Pest Control 53 (2): 22-23.
MYLES, T. G. 2002. Alarm, aggregation, and defense by Reticulitermes flavipes in response to a naturally occurring isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae. Sociobiology 40 (2): 243-255.
NELSON, P. E.; TOUSSOUN, T. A.; MARASAS, W. F. O. 1983. Fusarium species. An illustrated manual for identification. The Pennsylvania State University Press. University Park and London. Printed in the United States of America. 457 p.
PAPIEROK B.; HAJEK, A. E. 1997. Fungi Entomophthorales. En: Lawrence Lacey (ed.). Manual of techniques in insect pathology. USDA, ARS. Academic Press, Great Britain. p. 187-212.
PATCHARIN K. 1996. Laboratory studies on green muscardine fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae for control of termites (Isoptera). Bangkok (Thailand). 82 p.
PÉREZ, L. E. 1997. Desarrollo para evaluar virulencia de Verticillium lecanii sobre Myzus persicae y Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Tesis de investigación presentado como requisito para optar al título de Magister en Entomología. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Sede Medellín. 79 p.
RATH, A. C. 2000. The use of entomopathogenic for control of termites (Review). Biocontrol Science & Technology 10 (5): 563-581. (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Sociobiology 36 (1): 133-148.
ROSENGAUS, R. B. 1997. Pathobiology and disease transmission in dampwood termites (Zootermopsis angusticollis) (Isoptera: Termopsidae) infected with the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromicotina, Hyphomycetes). Sociobiology 44 (2):125134.
ROSENGAUS, R. B.; MAXMEN, A. B.; COATES, L. E.; TRANIELLO, J. F. A. 1998. Disease resistance: a benefit of sociability in the dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis (Isoptera: Termopsidae). Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 44 (2): 125-134.
SAJAP, A. S.; KAUR, K. 1990. Histopathology of Metarhizium anisopliae, on entomopathogenic fungus infection in the termite, Coptotermes curvignathus. Pertanika 13 (3): 331-334.
SAMSON, R. A.; HOEKSTRA, E. S.; OORSCHOT, A. N. 1984. Introduction to foodborne fungi. Second edition. Central bureau voor Schimmelcultures. Institute of the Royal Netherlands. Academy of arts and sciences. 247 p.
SHIMIZU, S.; YAMAJI, M. 2002. Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi to the termite, Reticulitermes speratus. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 46 (2): 89-91.
SHIMIZU, S.; YAMAJI, M. 2003. Effect of the termite, Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), on the suceptibilities to Metarhizium anisopliae. Applied Entomology and Zoology 38 (1): 125-130.
STAPLES, J. A.; MILNER, R. J. 2000. A laboratory evaluation of the repellency of Metarhizium anisopliae conidia to Coptotermes lacteus 36 (1): 133-148.
SUN, J. Z.; FUXA, J. R.; HENDERSON, G. 2003. Effects of virulence, sporulation, and temperature on Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana laboratory transmission in Coptotermes formosanus. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 84 (1): 38-46.
TRANIELLO, J. F. A.; ROSENGAUS, R. B.; SAVOLE, K. 2002. The development of inmunity in a social Insect: Evidence for the group facilitation of disease resistance. PNAS 99 (10): 6838-6842.
WARDLAW, A. C. 1987. Practical statistics for experimental biologist. John Wiley & Sons. New York: p. 107-110.
WRIGHT, M. S.; OSBRINK, W. L. A.; LAX, A. R. 2002. Transfer of entomopathogenic fungiamong formosan subterranean termites and subsequent mortality. Journal of Applied Entomology-Zeitschrift Fur Angewandte Entomologie. Germany 126 (1): 20-23.
ZOBERI, M. H. 1995. Metarhizium anisopliae, a fungal pathogen of Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Mycologia 87 (3): 354-359.
ZOBERI, M. H.; GRACE, J. K. 1990. Isolation of the pathogen Beauveria bassiana from Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Sociobiology 16 (3): 289-296.
- ANA ISABEL GUTIÉRREZ, YAMILLÉ SALDARRIAGA-O., SANDRA URJBE-S., FABIO PINEDA-G., Fungi associated with termites and their nests in eucalyptus plantations , Revista Colombiana de Entomología: Vol. 30 No. 1 (2004)
- ANA ISABEL GUTIÉRREZ-G., YAMILLÉ SALDARRIAGA-O., Observation of the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae in Nasutitermes sp. soldiers , Revista Colombiana de Entomología: Vol. 30 No. 2 (2004)
- CARMEN A. VÁSQUEZ P., YAMILLÉ SALDARRIAGA-O., DUVERNEY CHAVERRA-R., Susceptibility of fifth instar nymphs of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) to the action of the fungus Beauveria bassiana , Revista Colombiana de Entomología: Vol. 31 No. 1 (2005)
- CARMEN AMANDA VÁSQUEZ-P., YAMILLÉ SALDARRIAGA O., WILBER ADOLFO GÓMEZ-V., FABIO PINEDA-G., Susceptibility of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) to the action of Triflumuron , Revista Colombiana de Entomología: Vol. 28 No. 1 (2002)
- FABIO PINEDA-G., YAMILLÉ SALDARRIAGA-O., CAROLINA GÓMEZ-L., Susceptibility of Rhodnius ecuadoriensis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) of fifth instar nymph to the action of Beauveria bassiana , Revista Colombiana de Entomología: Vol. 28 No. 1 (2002)
- YAMILLÉ SALDARRIAGA-O., CARMEN A. VÁSQUEZ P., JAIME DE JESÚS CALLE-O., Virulence of Beauveria bassiana and Triflumuron on Rhodnius prolixus and R. pallescens (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) , Revista Colombiana de Entomología: Vol. 31 No. 2 (2005)
Authors retain the copyright on their work and are responsible for the ideas expressed in them. Once a manuscript is approved for publication, authors are asked for a publication license for the term of legal protection, for all territories that allows the use, dissemination and disclosure of the same.