Revista Colombiana de Entomología

Susceptibility of the blowfly, Chrysomya putoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to the ethanolic extracts of the medicinal plant Moringa oleifera (Magnoliopsida: Moringaceae)

Thu, 05 Sep 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Topical administration of Moringa oleifera leaf and seed ethanolic extracts concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L) were screened for insecticide activities against Chrysomya putoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Results showed that all tested leaf and seed extractconcentrations were toxic, delayed post-embryonic larval development, and reduced weight. As for C. putoria mortality, from newly hatched larvae to the adult period, all concentrations showed larvicidal power. However, above 20% of the mortality rate occurred in those treated with both leaf and seed extract concentrations. The ones treated with M. oleifera leaf extract concentrations presented the respective mortality rates: 50 mg/L (23 %), 75 mg/L (29 %), and 100 mg/L (30 %). While those treated with M. oleifera seed extract concentrations, the mortality rate observed was 25 mg/L (20 %), 50 mg/L (27 %), 75 mg/L (30 %), and 100 mg/L (32 %). The medicinal plant M. oleifera leaf and seed extracts proved to be a viable alternative for the population control of the medical veterinary and sanitary important blowfly C. putoria.

Soil arthropod diversity, richness, and abundance in agroecological and conventional cotton production systems in Chaco, Argentina

Wed, 06 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0500

In Argentina, agroecology has grown in last years as a scientific paradigm that seeks to design and evaluate agroecosystems considering sustainability, complexity, and uncertainty. Diversity is a key factor in the design and management of production systems and a necessary component for conservation biological control and the reduction of agrochemicals use. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) crop in northern Argentina is usually managed with high load of agrochemicals: agroecological production arises as an alternative. This study evaluated the diversity, richness, and abundance of soil arthropods using pitfall traps in two experimental cotton plots under conventional (CONV) and agroecological management (AE) in Chaco, Argentina. AE system presented higher diversity and richness of predators compared with CONV, even when natural preparations were used for pest control. The phytophagous arthropods showed higher diversity and richness in CONV, even when pyrethroid insecticides were applied for pest control and preventively. The abundance in AE was lower for predators and higher for phytophagous arthropods. Agroecological production of cotton can be a tool that favors conservative biological control and an alternative for areas where protecting the health of farmers and the ecosystem is a priority.

Potential distribution of eight species of Scolytinae and Platypodinae beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) collected in native avocado orchards of Nuevo Leon, Mexico

Tue, 19 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0500

The subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) include bark and ambrosial beetles considered threats in natural ecosystems and agricultural and forest crops due to their damage's ecological and economic impact. The distribution, population dynamics and diversity of the beetle species are affected by environmental factors, and ecosystem fragmentation. Based on the capture of eight beetle species from these subfamilies collected with multi-funnel tramps baited with ethanol in avocado orchards of Aramberri, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, was projected its potential geographic distribution in Mexico using the Maxent v.3.4.4 software. The identification of the captured beetles was done with taxonomic keys; a database was created with records of its presence in regions of Mexico, to model its distribution considering the climatic variables of greatest influence. The potential distribution maps generated, allow the prediction of these species in regions with optimal climatological conditions for their establishment; this information can be used to expand sampling areas, and implement preventive strategies against introducing exotic species. Araptus schwarzi, Monarthrum gracilior, Xyleborinus gracilis and Xyleborus horridus are new records of Scolytinae subfamily species to Nuevo Leon. Corthylus flagellifer, Euplatypus parallelus, Xyleborus ferrugineus, and Xyleborus volvulus are ambrosia beetle species that should be closely monitored in Mexico since they can be potential sources of dissemination of their symbiont phytopathogenic fungi.

Spatial distribution of populations agave weevil Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) in the State of Mexico, Mexico

Mon, 15 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Agave is one of the most representative plant groups in Mexico. Its importance lies in its ecological, cultural, and economic value. However, it faces several limitations, especially pest infestations, one of the most important of which is the agave weevil Scyphohphorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), which has acquired importance because it bores the stalks into the interior of the plant, causing lesions that are subsequently infected by fungi and/or bacteria until the plant dies. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of agave weevil populations in two localities in the municipality of Malinalco using spatial analysis of the distance index, SADIE. The results showed that the Ia and Ja indices of the agave weevil populations present values greater than 1, which indicates an aggregated type spatial distribution in the two plots where the study was carried out. Short-term spatial and temporal stability was also determined with the Im index. Density maps were generated for each sampling in the two plots, with the maps that were elaborated, the infested surface in each plot was calculated, the results show us the distribution of the pest, and the alternatives for sustainable management of this pest are proposed.

New record of Padaeus trivittatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) as a predator of the monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Central Mexico

Simona F. Bernal-Pichardo, Martha M. Zarco-González, Octavio Monroy-Vilchis — Mon, 09 Sep 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Lepidoptera includes agricultural pests, pollinators, and bioindicators of the environment quality. Adults of Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) are preyed by some birds, and rodents; in its immature stages are preyed mainly by arthropod predators. Arthropod predation is a factor that decreases the survival of D. plexippus. Two adult males of Padaeus trivittatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were found preying on D. plexippus for the first time.